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The royal chronicles of Burma (Myanmar) ((ビルマ語:မြန်မာ ရာဇဝင် ကျမ်းများ)) are detailed, continuous records of events in chronological order of the Burmese monarchy. The chronicles were written on different media such as ''parabaik'' paper, palm leaf and stone, and in different literary styles such as prose, verse and chronograms. Palm-leaf manuscripts written in prose are those that are commonly referred to as the chronicles. Other royal records include administrative treatises and precedents, legal treatises and precedents, and censuses.〔 The chronicle tradition was maintained in the country's four historical polities: Upper Burma, Lower Burma, Arakan and the Shan states. The majority of the chronicles did not survive the country's numerous wars as well as the test of time.〔 The most complete extant chronicles are those of Upper Burma-based dynasties, with the earliest extant chronicle dating from the 1280s and the first standard national chronicle from the 1720s. The subject matter of the chronicles is mainly about the monarchs, and the chronicles provide little information about the general situation of the kingdom. Nor were they written solely from a secular history perspective but rather at times to provide "legitimation according to religious criteria" of the monarchy.〔 Nevertheless, the chronicles' "great record of substantially accurate dates" goes back at least to the 11th century.〔 Latest research shows that even the pre-11th century narratives, dominated by legends, do provide a substantially accurate record of "social memory", going back over three millennia.〔〔 Burma possesses the most extensive historical source material in Southeast Asia, and the Burmese chronicles are the most detailed historical records in the region.〔〔〔 Yet much of the extant Burmese records have not been properly maintained,〔 and many of the less well-known chronicles are yet to be studied systematically.〔Aung-Thwin 1996: 895–896〕〔Goh 2009: 115〕 ==Overview== The Burmese royal chronicles are "detailed and continuous registers of events in chronological order", revolving "chiefly around the Burmese kings". The chronicles by themselves offer little or no commentary on the situation of the kingdom of the regular people inside or outside the capital unless the king happened to be involved in the event. Other royal records such as legal treatises and precedents (''dhammathats'' ()) and censuses (''sittans'' ()) and the chronicles of regional courts as well as temple histories (''thamaings'' ()) need to be consulted to get a glimpse of the life outside the palace.〔Hla Pe 1985: 37〕 The royal records were written on different media and in different literary styles. They can be inscriptions on stone () and bells (), or more commonly, they were written on palm-leaf manuscripts () and on special thick sheets of paper called ''parabaiks'' ().〔(Raghavan 1979: 6): Parabaiks are thick sheets of paper that are blackened, glued and folded together. In general, ''parabaiks'' contain non-religious matter such as medicine, mathematics, astronomy, astrology, history, social and economic matters, poetry, etc., and are much more important to the study of Burmese history.〕 They also came in different literary styles: in prose (''yazawins'' ( and ''ayedawbons'' (); in verse (''eigyins'' () and ''mawguns'' ()); and as chronograms (''yazawin thanbauk'' ()).〔 The prose versions are those most commonly referred to as the chronicles. In general, ''Yazawins'' ("chronicle of kings" from Pali ''rāja-vaṃsa'')〔Hla Pe 1985: 45〕 are a record of events in chronological order of kings organised by dynasties whereas ''ayedawbons'' ("memoirs of royal events/struggles") are more detailed records of more celebrated kings.〔Hla Pe 1985: 42〕〔Thaw Kaung 2010: 14–17〕 These definitions are loose generalisations: some ''ayedawbons'' are full-fledged chronicles of several kings (e.g., ''Razadarit Ayedawbon'')〔 or even dynasties (e.g., ''Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon'')〔 while some ''yazawins'' such as ''Zatadawbon Yazawin'' and ''Yazawin Kyaw'' have narrower scopes.〔(Aung-Thwin 2005: 121–124): ''Zatadawbon'' covers regnal dates of kings from Pagan to Konbaung periods while ''Yazawin Kyaw'' covers religious history.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Burmese chronicles」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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